History of Independence Day of Czech
October 28, 1918 marked the independence of the Czech Republic at Wenceslas Square in Prague. The peoples of Austria-Hungary showed Czechoslovak perseverance and faith in forming Czechoslovakia. The Czechs and Slovaks resisted the Austro-Hungarian state during the First World War, guided by leaders like T. G. Masaryk, Edvard Beneš, and M. R. Štefánik through the Czechoslovak National Council. Events like the anti-Austrian resistance, the October 14 general strike, and the coup helped dismantle the symbols of power of the monarchy, leading to the First Republic from 1918 until the 1938 Munich Agreement. Politicians such as Švehla, Rašín, Soukup, Stříbrný, Šrobár contributed to the 103 years of history that eventually led to the voluntary separation of Czech Republic and Slovakia as independent nations.
Borders of Czech
The Czech Republic (or Česká republika, also called Czechia) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordering Germany, Austria, Slovakia, and Poland. With a hilly landscape covering 78,866 square kilometres, it formed part of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 after the Austro-Hungarian Empire fell post-World War I. The democratic state evolved through the interwar period, WW2, Warsaw Pact, and the Iron Curtain under Soviet rule, including the 1968 Prague Uprising and 1989 Velvet Revolution. Since 1 January 1993, the independent states have become developed countries with social security, free health care, education, civil liberties, and free press. Memberships in NATO (1999), EU (2004), OECD, United Nations, OSCE, Council of Europe reflect its international engagement. Historical borders, like Treaty of Trianon, the Sudetenland (1945), and the Velvet Divorce, shaped the 2 independent countries and their close partnership within the Visegrád Group. The Czech Republic’s natural boundaries include the Šance, Sidónia, tripoints (ATCZSK, CZDEPL), rivers Inn, Morava, and Neisse, mountain ranges like the Sudetes, Jizera, Giant, Orlické, Hrubý Jeseník, and cities such as Opava, Ostrava, Cieszyn, Český Těšín, ensuring rich cross-border cooperation.
Key Figures of Czech
Charles IV (1316-78)
Charles IV, born in 1316, was the Bohemian king and Holy Roman emperor who shaped Prague and Europe. He founded Charles University, constructed Charles Bridge, and developed Karlovo náměstí and Karlovy Vary, leaving a lasting legacy.
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)
Gregor Johann Mendel, born in 1822 in Heinzendorf, Hynčice, pioneered genetics with experiments on pea plants, establishing the laws of heredity, including dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
Bedřich Smetana (1824-84)
Bedřich Smetana was a nationalist composer from Prague, excelling in piano and musical theory. He created operas like The Bartered Bride and the symphonic cycle Má vlast, including Vltava.
Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904)
Antonín Dvořák, a Neo-Romantic composer, studied at the Prague Conservatory and worked in Moravia, composing the famous symphony From the New World and the opera Rusalka.
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937)
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was a philosopher, sociologist, and politician, founding Czechoslovakia and serving as its president. He engaged with Vienna, Leipzig, and Washington D.C., securing a sovereign republic for 17 years.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Sigmund Freud, from Příbor, pioneered psychoanalysis during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, influencing global psychology.
Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939)
Alphonse Mucha, an Art nouveau painter and illustrator, became famous for poster designs in France.
Franz Kafka (1883-1924)
Franz Kafka, born in 1883 to a Jewish family, wrote German-language fiction such as The Trial, Metamorphosis, The Castle, and Amerika, now celebrated in the Franz Kafka Museum.
Karel Čapek (1890-1938)
Karel Čapek, a writer and playwright, created the word robot in R.U.R., addressing social turmoil, free expression, fascism, and communism, and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Jaroslav Seifert (1901-1986)
Jaroslav Seifert, poet and journalist, received the Nobel Prize, contributing significantly to Czech literature.
Milan Kundera (born 1929)
Milan Kundera authored The Unbearable Lightness of Being and Immortality, later becoming a French citizen in exile.
Miloš Forman (1932-2018)
Miloš Forman, a film director, screenwriter, and actor, worked in the United States, winning Oscars for One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Amadeus, and Hair.
Václav Havel (1936-2011)
Václav Havel, dramatist, essayist, and dissident, led Charter 77 and influenced Czech democracy; Václav Havel Airport Prague is named in his honor.
Martina Navrátilová (born 1956)
Martina Navrátilová reached world No.1 in tennis, excelling in singles, doubles, and Grand Slam tournaments.
Jaromír Jágr (born 1972)
Jaromír Jágr, a National Hockey League player, is part of the Triple Gold Club, winning Stanley Cups, Ice Hockey World Championships, and Olympic gold.
National Things and Symbols of Czech
National Coat of Arms
The National Coat of Arms of the Czech Republic, designed by Jirí Louda on December 17, 1992, represents the three historical regions: a silver double-tailed lion on a red background for Bohemia, a red and silver chequered eagle on blue for Moravia, and a black eagle on yellow for Silesia. This emblem appears in official ceremonies and festive occasions.
National Motto
The National Motto of the Czech Republic, Pravda vítězí, means Truth prevails. It reflects the nation’s resilience and moral strength, especially remembered during Czechoslovakia’s independence celebrations and in the festive counter of national events.
Flag of Czech Republic
The flag combines white, red, and a blue triangle, symbolizing the Kingdom of Bohemia and the State of Moravia. It has withstood Nazi rule and other historical challenges, waving proudly during national festivities.
National Anthem
The National Anthem, Kde domov můj (Where My Home Is), written by Frantisek Jan Skroup and Josef Kajetan Tyl, first appeared on 1 January 1993 in the opera Fidlovacka. Its verses celebrate water, meadows, pinewoods, rocks, orchards, and spring blossoms, honoring the beauty of Czech land in every countdown to Independence Day.
Tourist Places in Czech
Visit U Zlatého Tygra and Bokovka in Prague
U Zlatého Tygra and Bokovka, located in Prague, are famous bars serving local beer and classic sandwiches, making them a lively stop for anyone exploring the festive Czech culture.
Visit Hrad Karlstejn
Hrad Karlstejn, a historic castle, is surrounded by a parking lot and a short 2-kilometre walk to explore its stunning exterior, offering a glimpse into medieval architecture and the country’s past.
Pay a visit to Velka Amerika
Velka Amerika is a stone quarry with clear water, ideal for hiking enthusiasts and travelers looking for natural beauty near Prague.
Sip wines in Moravia
In Moravia, particularly Sonberk, visitors can sip wines while enjoying picturesque vineyards, perfect for a relaxing Czech getaway.
Explore the magical Hluboka Castle
Hluboka Castle enchants tourists with its fairytale-like architecture and scenic surroundings, making it a must-visit destination in Czechia.
Stroll around picturesque Cesky Krumlov
The town of Cesky Krumlov features cafes, bars, and restaurants, ideal for a 2-night stay, and is often featured in travel magazines for its charming streets and historic buildings.
Try the healing hot spring water in Karlovy Vary
Karlovy Vary offers healing hot spring water, attracting wellness seekers from around the world, adding to the country’s festive tourism experiences.
Chill at The Cabbage Market in Brno
The Cabbage Market in Brno invites visitors to relax on terraces and beach chairs, enjoying local flavors and community gatherings.
Visit the amazing cocktail bar Super Panda Circus in Brno
Super Panda Circus, a cocktail bar, captivates with storyline-driven creativity, making it one of the most talked-about nightlife spots in Czechia.
Hike around the Parchov Rocks in Bohemian Paradise
Parchov Rocks, located in Bohemian Paradise, feature natural rock formations and breathtaking landscapes, perfect for adventurers exploring the Czech outdoors.
Population of Czech
Czechia, or the Czech Republic, has a population of 10,557,889 as of Sunday, November 23, 2025, according to Worldometer and United Nations estimates, growing slightly to 10,609,239 (0.13%). The country is one of 92 nations with a population density of 137 per Km² (356 per mi²) across 77,240 Km² (29,823 sq. miles). About 74.96% of residents live in urban areas, totaling 7,952,770, with a median age of 43.8 years.
Currency of Czech
The Czech Republic uses the Czech koruna (Kč, CZK), with 1 koruna divided into 100 haléřů (hellers). Introduced in 2008, it replaced the krone from the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I era.