History of Independence Day of Finland
Finland celebrates Independence Day on 6 December with joy and dignity, blending traditional events and intimate moments at homes and banquet halls. Special services in churches feature chorus performances and interpretations of the Finlandia Hymn by Sibelius, often at ecumenical services in Helsinki Cathedral at noon. Citizens pay respects to fallen soldiers at Hietaniemi Cemetery with floral arrangements, while guards maintain patrols. The University Students’ Torch Parade at 5 pm winds through Senate Square, Hietaniemenkatu, Arkadiankatu, Pohjoisesplanadi, Mariankatu, and Aleksanterinkatu, ending at the Presidential Palace where the President of the Republic greets the crowd from the Palace balcony. Watching the procession live, I felt the nation’s pride and the resilience of those who fought for independence, making the festive energy truly unforgettable.
Borders of Finland
Finland, also called Suomi, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordered by Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, Russia to the east, the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, and the Gulf of Finland to the south. Its autonomous territory Åland is a beautiful archipelago, forming a natural entrance to Finland. Covering 338,145 square kilometres, Finland has 10% water, 69% forests, and is divided into maakunta regions. The population of 5.6 million mostly resides in Helsinki, the capital and largest city. Historically part of Sweden and later Russia, Finland gained independence after the Russian Revolution in 1917, followed by the Finnish Civil War, Winter War, Continuation War, and Lapland War. Today, the industrialized nation thrives under the Nordic model, offering prosperity, high per capita income, and a quality of life admired globally, exemplifying how independence shaped civil liberties and human development.
Key Figures of Finland
Johan Vilhelm Snellman, a 19th-century philosopher, strengthened Finnish language and national consciousness under Russian control. Emil Nestor Berg contributed to political life and democratic institutions in the early 20th century. Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim, iconic military leader and President, guided Finland through the Winter War and Continuation War, instilling national pride. Lauri Kristian Relander, President 1925-1931, ensured long-term security and stable democratic institutions. In literature, Linna Norwilla captured post-war hardships and social injustice, while Princess Norja advocated women’s independence and rights, shaping modern Finnish society.
National Things and Symbols
Finland celebrates its nature and heritage with national symbols. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) represents strength, the whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) elegance, and perch (Perca fluviatilis) the aquatic life. The seven-spot ladybird (Coccinella septempunctata), Holly Blue butterfly (Celastrina argiolus), silver birch (Betula pendula), Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis), Finnhorse, Finnish Spitz, and Granite showcase Finland’s natural and cultural identity. The Blue Cross Flag, established 28 May 1918, with ultramarine cross on white background, honors civil liberties, past conflicts, and national achievements, flown during parades, funerals, and Independence Day ceremonies, reminding everyone of the festive counter countdown and enduring pride.
Population of Finland
As of 2024, Finland has a total population of 5.6 million, reflecting historical fluctuations since 1980. Census projections for 2024-2030 anticipate gradual growth, especially in southern urban areas. Demographic trends highlight ethnic Finns, Swedish-speaking minorities, and a focus on maintaining social welfare in densely populated regions, reinforcing Finland’s reputation for stability and human development.
Currency of Finland
Finland adopted the euro on 1 January 1999, replacing the markka (1860-2002) during a transitional period. Integration into the European Union in 1995 and participation in the Eurozone since 1999 strengthened its economy, complementing Finland’s services, manufacturing, and export products, and aligning with Nordic country standards.
Tourist Places in Finland
Finland offers stunning tourist destinations. Lake Keitele and Oulanka National Park showcase forests, wild blueberries, saunas, rapids, and the Karhunkierros Trail. Bear Watching in Suomussalmi provides an unforgettable wildlife experience. Helsinki delights with the domed cathedral, Old Market Hall, Finnish coffee, and korvapuusti, while Neristan, Svedjehamn, and Kotisaari Island offer historical charm, wooden architecture, UNESCO heritage, and activities like kayaking or hiking. Olavinlinna Castle and Leivonmaki National Park provide cultural immersion amidst nature, while Lake Yövesi and Pulkkilanharju invite fishing, picnics, and camping. These experiences, especially during Independence Day, feel enhanced by the festive energy and the countdown to national celebrations.